588

Esther Duflo, “The Economist as Plumber,” American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings 107, no. 5 (2017): 1–26.

589

Amy Finkelstein and Matthew J. Notowidigdo, “Take-up and Targeting: Experimental Evidence from SNAP,” NBER Working Paper 24652, 2018.

590

Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach, “Experimental Estimates to the Barriers of Food Stamp Enrollment,” Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Paper no. 1367-09, September 2009.

591

Bruno Tardieu, Quand un people parle: ATD, Quarte Monde, un combat radical contre la misère (Paris: Editions La Découverte, 2015).

592

Najy Benhassine, Florencia Devoto, Esther Duflo, Pascaline Dupas, and Victor Pouliquen, “Turning a Shove into a Nudge? A ‘Labeled Cash Transfer’ for Education,” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 7, no. 3 (2015): 86–125.

593

Эти ключевые цифры приводятся Робертом Райхом в его обзоре двух книг об универсальном базовом доходе: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/09/books/review/annie-lowrey-give-people-money-andrew-yang-war-on-normal-people.html. Также их можно найти и в самих книгах: Annie Lowrey, Give People Money: How a Universal Basic Income Would End Poverty, Revolutionize Work, and Remake the World (New York: Crown, 2018); Andrew Yang, The War on Normal People: The Truth About America’s Disappearing Jobs and Why Universal Basic Income Is Our Future (New York: Hachette Books, 2018).

594

George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion (London: Penguin Classics, 2013); Бернард Шоу, “Пигмалион”, в: Бернард Шоу, Избранные произведения (Москва: Панорама, 1993).

595

Map Descriptive of London Poverty 1898–1899, https://booth.lse.ac.uk/learn-more/download-maps/sheet9

596

Имеется в виду роман Стейнбека «Гроздья гнева» (1939). – Прим. пер.

597

“Radio Address to the Nation on Welfare Reform,” Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum, https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/research/speeches/21586a

598

“Radio Address to the Nation on Welfare Reform,” Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum, https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/research/speeches/21586a

599

Те читатели, которые хотят узнать больше, могут обратиться к обобщению этой литературы в следующих книгах: James P. Ziliak, “Temporary Assistance for Needy Families,” in Economics of Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States, vol. 1, ed. Robert A. Moffitt (National Bureau of Economic Research and University of Chicago Press, 2016), 303–393; Robert Moffitt “The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program,” in Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the U.S., ed. R. Moffitt (University of Chicago Press and NBER, 2003); Robert Moffitt, “The Effect of Welfare on Marriage and Fertility: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?” in Welfare, the Family, and Reproductive Behavior, ed. R. Moffitt (Washington, DC: National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences Press, 1998).

600

Sibith Ndiaye (@SibithNdiaye), “Le Président? Toujours exigeant. Pas encore satisfait du discours qu’il prononcera demain au congrès de la Mutualité, il nous précise donc le brief! Au boulot!” tweet, June 12, 2018, 3:28 p.m., https://twitter.com/SibethNdiaye/status/1006664614619308033

601

“Expanding Work Requirements in Non-Cash Welfare Programs,” Council of Economic Advisors, July 2018, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Expanding-Work-Requirements-in-Non-Cash-Welfare-Programs.pdf

602

Shrayana Bhattacharya, Vanita Leah Falcao, and Raghav Puri, “The Public Distribution System in India: Policy Evaluation and Program Delivery Trends,” in The 1.5 Billion People Question: Food, Vouchers, or Cash Transfers? (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2017).

603

“Egypt to Raise Food Subsidy Allowance in Bid to Ease Pressure from Austerity,” Reuters, June 20, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-economy/egypt-to-raise-food-subsidy-allowance-in-bid-to-ease-pressure-from-austerity-idUSKBN19B2YW

604

Peter Timmer, Hastuti, and Sudarno Sumarto, “Evolution and Implementation of the Rastra Program in Indonesia,” in The 1.5 Billion People Question: Food, Vouchers, or Cash Transfers? (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2017).

605

Abhijit Banerjee, Rema Hanna, Jordan Kyle, Benjamin A. Olken, and Sudarno Sumarto, “Tangible Information and Citizen Empowerment: Identification Cards and Food Subsidy Programs in Indonesia,” Journal of Political Economy 126, no. 2 (2018): 451–491.

606

Reetika Khera, “Cash vs In-Kind Transfers: Indian Data Meets Theory,” Food Policy 46 (June 2014): 116–128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.03.009

607

Ugo Gentilini, Maddalena Honorati, and Ruslan Yemtsov, “The State of Social Safety Nets 2014 (English),” World Bank Group, 2014, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/302571468320707386/The-state-of-social-safety-nets-2014

608

Abhijit V. Banerjee, “Policies for a Better Fed World,” Review of World Economics 152, no. 1 (2016): 3–17.

609

David K. Evans and Anna Popova “Cash Transfers and Temptation Goods,” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65, no. 2 (2917), 189–221.

610

Abhijit V. Banerjee, “Policies for a Better Fed World,” Review of World Economics 152, no. 1 (2016): 3–17.

611

Johannes Haushofer and Jeremy Shapiro, “The Short-Term Impact of Unconditional Cash Transfers to the Poor: Experimental Evidence from Kenya,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 4 (2016): 1973–2042.

612

Ercia Field, Rohini Pande, Natalia Rigol, Simone Schaner, and Charity Troyer Moore, “On Her Account: Can Strengthening Women’s Financial Control Boost Female Labor Supply?” working paper, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 2016, http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/rpande/files/on_her_account.can_strengthening_womens_financial_control_boost_female_labor_supply.pdf

613

Abhijit Banerjee, Rema Hanna, Gabriel Kreindler, and Ben Olken, “Debunking the Stereotype of the Lazy Welfare Recipient: Evidence from Cash Transfer Programs,” World Bank Research Observer 32, no. 2 (August 2017) 155–184, https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkx002

614

Abhijit Banerjee, Karlan Dean and Chris Udry, “Does Poverty Increase Labor Supply? Evidence from Multiple Income Effects,” MIMEO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019.

615

David Greenberg and Mark Shroder, “Part 1: Introduction. An Overview of Social Experimentation and the Digest,” Digest of Social Experiments, https://web.archive.org/web/20111130101109; http://www.urban.org/pubs/digest/introduction.html#n22

616

Philip K. Robins, “A Comparison of the Labor Supply Findings from the Four Negative Income Tax Experiments,” Journal of Human Resources 20, no. 4 (Autumn 1985): 567–582.

617

Orley Ashenfelter and Mark W. Plant, “Nonparametric Estimates of the Labor Supply Effects of Negative Income Tax Programs,” Journal of Labor Economics 8, no. 1, Part 2: Essays in Honor of Albert Rees (January 1990): S396–S415.

618

Philip K. Robins, “A Comparison of the Labor Supply Findings from the Four Negative Income Tax Experiments,” Journal of Human Resources 20, no. 4 (Autumn, 1985): 567–582.

619

Ibid.

620

Albert Rees, “An Overview of the Labor-Supply Results,” Journal of Human Resources 9, no. 2 (Spring 1974): 158–180.

621

Damon Jones and Ioana Marinescu, “The Labor Market Impacts of Universal and Permanent Cash Transfers: Evidence from the Alaska Permanent Fund,” NBER Working Paper 24312.

622

Randall K.Q. Akee, William E. Copeland, Gordon Keeler, Adrian Angold, and E. Jane Costello, “Parents’ Income and Children’s Outcomes: A Quasi-Experiment Using Transfer Payments from Casino Profits,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2, no. 1 (2010): 86–115.

623

Vivi Alatas, Abhijit Banerjee, Rema Hanna, Matt Wai-poi, Ririn Purnamasari, Benjamin A. Olken, and Julia Tobias, “Targeting the Poor: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia,” American Economic Review 102, no. 4 (2012): 1206–1240, DOI: 10.1257/aer.102.4.1206.

624

Clément Imbert and John Papp, “Labor Market Effects of Social Programs: Evidence from India’s Employment Guarantee,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 7, no. 2 (2015): 233–263; Muralidharan Karthik, Paul Niehuas, and Sandip Sukhtankar, “General Equilibrium Effects of (Improving) Public Employment Programs: Experimental Evidence from India,” NBER Working Paper 23838, 2018 DOI: 10.3386/w23838.

625

Martin Ravalion, “Is a Decentralized Right to Work Policy Feasible?” NBER Working Paper 25687, March 2019.

626

Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, Clement Imbert, Santhos Mattthews, and Rohini Pande, “E-Governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India,” NBER Working Paper 22803, 2016.

627

“Economic Survey 2016–17,” Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Department of Economic Affairs, Economic Division, 2017, 188–190.

628

Nur Cahyadi, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Rizal Adi Prima, Elan Satriawan, and Ekki Syamsulhakim, “Cumulative Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs: Experimental Evidence from Indonesia,” NBER Working Paper 24670, 2018.

629

Najy Benhassine, Florencia Devoto, Esther Duflo, Pascaline Dupas, and Victor Pouliquen, “Turning a Shove into a Nudge? A “Labeled Cash Transfer” for Education,” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 7, no. 3 (2015): 86–125.

630

Aaron Smith and Monica Anderson, “Americans’ Attitudes towards a Future in Which Robots and Computers Can Do Many Human Jobs,” Pew Research Center, October 4, 2017, http://www.pew internet.org/2017/10/04/americans-attitudes-toward-a-future-in-which-robots-and-computers-can-do-many-human-jobs/

631

Robert B. Reich, “What If the Government Gave Everyone a Paycheck?” July 9, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/09/books/review/annie-lowrey-give-people-money-andrew-yang-war-on-normal-people.html

632

Olli Kangas, Signe Jauhiainen, Miska Simanainen, Mina Ylikännö, eds., “The Basic Income Experiment 2017–2018 in Finland. Preliminary Results,” Reports and Memorandums of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, 2019, 9.

633

Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Stefanie Stantcheva, “Me and Everyone Else: Do People Think Like Economists?” MIMEO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019.

634

Nicole Maestas, Kathleen J. Mullen, David Powell, Till von Wachter, and Jeffrey B. Wenger, “Working Conditions in the United States: Results of the 2015 American Working Conditions Survey,” Rand Corporation, 2017.

635

“The State of American Jobs: How the Shifting Economic Landscape Is Reshaping Work and Society and Affecting the Way People Think about the Skills and Training They Need to Get Ahead,” ch. 3, Pew Research Center, October 2016, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/10/06/3-how-americans-view-their-jobs/#fn-22004-26

636

См.: Steve Davis and Till Von Wachter, “Recession and the Costs of Job Loss,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, 2011, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/2011b_bpea_davis.pdf, and references therein

637

Daniel Sullivan and Till Von Wachter, “Job Displacement and Mortality: An Analysis Using Administrative Data,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 124, no. 3 (2009): 1265–1306.

638

Mark Aguiar and Erik Hurst, “Measuring Trends in Leisure: The Allocation of Time over Five Decades,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, no. 3 (2007): 969–100.

639

Mark Aguiar, Mark Bils, Kerwin Kofi Charles, and Erik Hurst, “Leisure Luxuries and the Labor Supply of Young Men,” NBER Working Paper 23552, June 2007.

640

“American Time Use Survey – 2017 Results,”, Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor, June 28, 2018, https://www.bls.gov/news.release/atus.nr0.htm

641

Mark Aguiar, Erik Hurst, and Loukas Karabarbounis, “Time Use During the Great Recession,” American Economic Review 103, no. 5 (2013): 1664–1696.

642

Daniel Kahneman and Alan G. Krueger, “Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 1 (2006): 3–24.

643

Aaron Smith and Monica Anderson, “Americans’ Attitudes towards a Future in Which Robots and Computers Can Do Many Human Jobs,” Pew Research Center, October 4, 2017, http://www.pew internet.org/2017/10/04/americans-attitudes-toward-a-future-in-which-robots-and-computers-can-do-many-human-jobs/

644

“Volunteering in the United States, 2015,” Economic News Release, February 25, 2016, https://www.bls.gov/news.release/volun.nr0.htm

645

«Новый курс» (New Deal) – название экономической политики, которую президент США Ф. Рузвельт проводил с 1933 года для преодоления Великой депрессии. – Прим. пер.

646

David Deming, “The Growing Importance of Social Skills in the Labor Market,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 132, no. 4 (2017): 1593–1640, https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjx022

647

Román Zárate, “Social and Cognitive Peer Effects: Experimental Evidence from Selective High Schools in Peru,” MIT Economics, 2019, https://economics.mit.edu/files/16276

648

Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, and Emmanuel Saez, “Where Is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 129, no. 4 (2014): 1553–1623, https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qju022

649

Lawrence F. Katz, Jeffrey R. Kling, and Jeffrey B. Liebman, “Moving to Opportunity in Boston: Early Results of a Randomized Mobility Experiment,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 no. 2 (2001): 607–654, https://doi.org/10.1162/ 00335530151144113