Информатика, кибернетика, интеллект   ::   Пушкин В Г

Гельвеций сравнивал развитие этики как науки с геометрией. "Нужно, - писал он, - чтобы всегда неизменные и определенные правила этой науки были связаны с некоторым простым принципом, из которого можно, как в геометрии, вывести бесчисленное множество вторичных принципов. Но этот принцип еще не известен. Следовательно, нравственность еще не наука; в действительности, нельзя давать это название груде не связанных между собою и противоречивых предписаний" (Гельвеций К. А. Соч. Т. 2. М., 1974. С. 516).

132 Сатерленд Н. Указ. соч. С. 38.

133 Wernecke A. Biologismus und ideologischer Kjassenkampf. Berlin. 1976. S. 193-195.

134 В научно-фантастической форме такого рода идеи изложены австрийским кибернетиком Г. Франке. См.: Franke H. W. Em Kyborg namens joe. Berlin, 1978.

135 Это подчеркивается, например, в следующем высказывании: "Вполне возможно, что моральные проблемы, связанные с разработкой систем, более разумных, чем человек, никогда не встанут перед нами. Возможно, мы сами сотрем себя с лица земли задолго до того, как это могло бы случиться" (Сатерленд Н. Указ. соч. С. 38).

136 Биркгоф Г. Математика и психология. М., 1977. С. 86-87.

137 Баев А. А. Социальные аспекты генетической инженерии // Философская, борьба идей в современном естествознании. М., 1977. С. 145-146.

138 Об утрате компетентности здравого смысла в условиях онаучивания цивилизации см.: Liibbe H. Die Wissenschaften und ihre Kulturellen Folgen. Uber die Zukunft des common sense. Opladen. 1987.

139 См.: Banka J. Filozofia techniki. Katowice, 1980.

Заключение

1 Ленин В. И. Поли. собр. соч. Т. 35. С. 57.

2 Материалы XXVII съезда Коммунистической партии Советского Союза. М., 1986. С. 85.

SUMMARY

V. G. Pushkin & A. D. Ursul

INFORMATICS, CYBERNETICS, INTELLECT: THE PHILOSOPHIC ESSAYS

The philosophic aspects of informatics, cybernetics and artificial intellect are interpretated in this book. The philosophic thought of the authors turns to the modern questions of the science development, to its vanguard direction, formed by the informatics and the cybernetics. The contents of the society intellectual development and approaches it creates in order to solve the humanistic, global problems, appearing through the civilization progress, is the main stream of the book. The radically controversive tendencies of the social development of the man, which is called to life by modern scientific-technical revolution stage are discussed.

Informatisation and computerisation of the society life with all its attributes lead to the methaphysical priority of the moral and humanistic imperatives in the creative development of the personality. The authors' conception leads to some methodologic paradigma, which expresses, in essense, the anthropocyberne-tic component of the modern society development. The idea of using the informa-tic-cybernetic technics and the cybernetic knowledge for man's good, for the sensible interaction between the man and the machine, the society and the technics dominates in this book.

The interest to the man's creative abilities increases under scientific-technic progress conditions. The creative work is the creation of something new, progressive and social-valid which has not yet been existed in reality. The automate function is to help the man in his creative work. The transmission of the lower forms of the creative work to the machine allows the man to concentrate on its upper forms which actualize its social essense and ability of self-determination. The cybernetic machines are different from all the previous because they serve as a human intellect amplifiers. The computer's work is creative-like when it leads to the reception of some new results by the man.

Computer's creative work is of the second, derivative level. It is the creative work at the direction determined by the man. It is necessary because the man makes up some progress in his development, giving some kinds of the creative work and problems to the automates. The creation of modern computers rises the creative ability of the man and the society. The fact that the automat repro-ructs man's mental operations and, as far as it can be said, his creative mentality, means, firstly, the man-automate subordination, and secondly, the automat superiority and its significance as special means of help. The social and moral-ethic problems appearing meanwhile need the humanistic orientaton of all the research work in the field of mentality-machine creation.

The investigation of the philosophic aspects of informatics, cybernetics and the artificial development especially needs deep analysis and more precise definition of the intellect conceptions, the conceptions of mind, mentality, in the course of comparison of the peculiarity of the man's mentality with its cybernetic analogous abilities. Such an investigation, as it pointed out by the authors, suggests a creation of methodologic base for mentality essence understanding. On this way a great interest has a generalising analysis and distinguishing of logical, ghnoseological and euristic principles of the mind. To distinguish the structure and to understand the organising principles of the intellect means to reveal the real base of the fundamentally of the problem, to show its deep specificy. In another terms, the question is set up so that it is necessary to learn the historical, scientific-technical and the ghnoseological aspects of the artificial intellect's problem with the direct participation of the scientific philosophy. This program, in essence, has been realised in this edition.